Car heating system



` oct. 25, 1932.

' A4 ff 5 U/U w. L. GARLAND 1,883,896

CAR .HEATING sYsTEu 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aprilv 25, 192e mmw f @mj-f.

0ct. 25, 1932. w. l.. GARLAND 1,883,895

` CAR HEATING sYsTEl I med April 2s, 1928 s sums-sheet 2 oct. 25, 1932.

w. L. v GARLAND GAR HEATING `SYSTEM Filed April 23, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Alfmfen'tr (Mz'am @al/@12d F? @www A Petented er. v2s, 1932 A UNITED STATES-PATENT OFFCE) WILLIAM L. GARLAND, or LLANENCII, PENNSYLVANIA, AssIGNo-n'ro vAPon CAR 'IIAT- ING comIANY, INC., or cHIcAG-i, ILLINoIs, A CORPORATION. oF'NEw YORK CAR HEATING SYSTEM yApplica'cifm led April 23,

This invention relates to a new and improved system for lheating'and ventilating railway cars, and more particularly to a system in which steam or vapor heat is utilized for pre-heating or ,tempering the air before the air intakes. I

f Briefly described, the system utilizes a pair of similar air-intakes, one at each end of l.the car, each of which delivers this air through the heating box located conveniently beneath the bulk-head-seat at the end of the car.- The steam heating coils which extend throughout the length of the car are provided with auxiliary coils within the heating boxes which serve to pre-heat cr' temper the vair before it pssesinto the main body of the car. This air is subsequently heated'in the usual manner while within the car, and the exhausted air is removed through a plurality of ventilators situated at intervals throughout the length of the c ar roof. These ventilators are so-'proportionedthat the greater i proportion of the vair will be exhausted adj acent the center of the car, thus compelling a. circulation of yair fron the two car ends. It 'will be understood that the heating, and air intake mechanism, is duplicated along each side of the car, the air being exhausted through a single series. of Yventilators arranged centrallyalon 4the car roof.

One object of ythis invention is to provide a new and improved heating and Ventilating system such as brie-y described 'hereinabove and as disclosed more in detail in the speciications whichffollow. l

Another objectl is to vprovide a.system for pre-heating' air before its delivery -into the car, subsequently heating the air within the car body, and exhausting .the airfrom the ca r atv points removed'from the itake points.

Another'object'is to provide a single steam heatingsystem forf pre-heating the air and also heating the air within Athe car.

Another object is to provide a heating system of Athis typeembodying two distinct radiating coils extending from end to end of the 192s. serial No. 272,155. 5'

system of piping, whereby these independent coils may be conveniently interlockedrwithin the limited space available beneath the' seats and adjacent the side wall of the' car.

Other objects and advantages of'lthis invention will-be more apparent from the following detailed description of one approved form of the apparatus.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section through arailway proved apparatus.

Fig. 2 is a transverse section-taken substane tially on the line 2-.2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view Aof the kelements ofthe heating apparatus, .located adjacent one side wall of the car.

Fig. 4 is an elevation of the vlongitudinal pipes at one sidefof the car, the' connected lateral pipes being indicated 1n section.

Fig. 5 is a transverse -section through this' piping, on a larger scale, taken substantially from the lin'e 5-5 of Fig. 4 and looking in the direction ofthe arrows. f f

Fig. 6 is a sections'imilar to Fig. 5 but looking in the opposite direction. See the arrows 6-6 of Fig. 4.

car equipped with this im- Figf is a vertical section throu h theairi intake mechanism at one corner oft e car'. Fig. v8 isavertical sectipnytaken substantially on the line 8-8 of F1 7 Fig. 9 is a horizontalsectlonthrough a different form of auxiliary heater.` The heating system used is a steam system of the general t` low pressure disclosed in the reissue patent to Gold an Russell, No.

16,487,=granted November 23, 1926. The system comprises thes'team .train linejor supplczl pipe A, vapor regulator B, control valves and D, and the separate 'radiator coi1s.E,`and

plic'ated at the-op ,ositel side of the car, b oth' systems being 'fe ,ho-wever,from the same inn the car. As will be explaine a' hereinafter, Veach radiator coll E and F exsupply pipe A. lThe high pressure steam flows from train line A through pipe 1 to the 'vapor regulator B where its pressure is reduced so that steam at substantialiy atmos- 5 pheric pressure flows through pipe 2 `into the controlvalve C.l From valve C steam ilows through pipe 3 into the radiator coil E from which coil it returnsthrough pipe 4 tovalve.

C, thence passing through pipe 5 to the similo lar control valve D, from which steam flowsy through pipe 6 and returns through p ipe 7 from the other radiator coil F. The returned steam and condensate passes from valve .D through pipe 8 to the control chamber of vapor regulator B. When both valves C and D are open, steam .willflow through both radiator coils E and F iso as 'to utilize the maximum heating capacity of the system. If one valve (-for example)` is closed, ythe steam lwill be -shortcircuited through that' valve and will not pass through the corresponding radiator F, only the radiator E now functioning to heatA the air in the car. In

this case, the returning steam from radiator :s E passes from pipe 4 through valve Ofpipe 5',

' tends independently to each end of the car, and-to-each of the air pre-heating boxes, so that all of the heating functions can be performed by one of the radiators independently of the other, although of course the amount of heat furnished'will be correspondingly decreased. y

-At each upper end corner .of .the car is 5 located an air intake 11 (seeQFigs. 1 and provided with an' automatic flap valve 12Jso that no matter'l which direction the car is traveling air will be directed downwardly through conduit 13 into a chamber 14 beneath lthe car, from which it is forced upwardly through passages 15 into the heating box 16, "which may convenientlybe located beneath the bulk head seat 1"(v at the end of the car. Thisincoming air is forced to iiow over and around the heaters E and F. located within the box 16, and then* flows out through grill 18 at the aisle en`d of the-seat into the main body of the car. In this Way fresh air is constantly supplied at the four corners of thecar, and 5 this air is tempered or pre-heated'before entering the carf It i's not the aim of this apparatus to heat this incoming air to the desired temperature of occupancy, but merely to temper the air or removeits chill before. its 35A entry into. the car, after which the body of air controlled tJo maintain' in the car is heated in the usual mannerby-the Y main radiator coils E and F.

`A series of ventilators V1 to-V1 inclusive are located atsuitable intervals in the upper deck of the car (see Figs. 1 and2), the centrally positioned ventilators such as Vl5 and V beingJ of greater capacity than the ventilators toward the ends of the car, so that the air within the car will circulate from the ends toward the center. Usuallyv the sizes of tlieindividual ventilators of the series will be progressively larger from each lend toward the centerof the car. y

VThe specific piping system for the radiators E and F will now be described. It will be understood that the space available for these pipes adjacent the side of the car and beneath the cai seatsis quite limited, due to the very low seats now used. The pipes of lcach radiator coil must slope downwardly continuously from the inlet to the outlet end in order that the radiator shall drain. Fur-l thermore the pipes of each coil must be so positioned that the su erposed vauxiliary heaters E and F (or. l5 and F) in the heating boxes lmay be respectively supplied with steam from the two separate coils. According to this invention the piping system is so designed that therey are only two rows of .pipes adjacent the wall (a back row against the wall. and a second row directly l .in front thereof) and in all parts of the car the-re are only two superposed pipes in neach row, one of these pipes'being a part lof the radiator E, andthe other pipe a p art of the radiator F. This system of piping 1s best shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6. It should be understood that in all of these figures the vertical spacing between the pipes has been great-ly exaggerated in. roportion to the length and diameter of t e pipes, in order to better illustrate the drainage system.l Actually, the superposed pipes are quite closely at 20 to fconnect with 'the upper end of: the

short or half ear length pipe 21 of radiatorv E, which runs in the back row to one end of the car. Pipe-21 there joins through connectionf22 with a pipe ,23 which leads'back the fullvlength of the car in the front row.

lAdjacent the two ends of the car,l this front row pipe 23 connects with and feeds the two auxiliary heaters E and AE in the heating boxes 16. -At the opposite end, of the car pipe 23 connects through the pipe loop 24, 25 with a short or half car length pipe 26 leading back, in the back row, to the return pipe 4, whichlpasses out to valve C. The pipe loop 24-25 is for the purpose of supplying addltional heat to a compartment at the end of the car. It will be understood that such ad'- ditional pipe loops might 'be used at either or both ends of the car. 'It will ybe noted that the inlet end of pipe 21 is situated at the Y -positionede\Theinlet pipe connection 3 from valve C leads upwardly at 19y and rearwardly I.

the lowest level so that there is a continuous down slope to the pipes 21,23 and 26 so that condensate will drain through thecoil E back to the control valve C. The `valves C and D aref, provided ,with means (not here shown) for removing condensate.- l

lIn a similar manner, the feed pipe 6 from valve D leads upwardly at 27 and rearwardly at 2 8 to connect with the Vinlet endl of the short half-car length pipe 29 of radiator F, which extends in the front row of piping to one end of the car (theopposite end from that to which pipe `21 leads). "Ihe lower endof pipe 29 connects through pipe loop 30, 31 (similar to and positioned directly above the pipe loop 24, 25), with the upper end of the full car length pipe 32 which extends the length of the car in the rear row of. pipes. The lowerend of pipe 32 connects through tit-ting 33 with the half car length pipe 34 whichreturns inthe front rowvto the center of the car where it connects with return pipe 7 leading back to valve D. It will be noted that the twolshort pipes.V 29 and 34 of the radiator F arelocated in the front row of pipes, above and below the respective ends of the full car length pipe 23 of radiator E.

The auxiliary heater F for one of-the heat- .ing boxes 16 is, located directly above the auxiliary heater E. lSimilarly, situated directly and fed from pipe 29. the other auxiliary'heater F is below the heater E and fed from pipe 34.

It will now be apparent that a very compact piping arrangement is provided consisting of two back row ipes and twofront row pipes, and two auxiliary heating units at each end directly superposed and fed directly from the front row pi es. 'At the same time, this system is divi ed into two entirely distinct units, so that one of them may be completely disconnected and still have heat supplied in all parts of the car. Furthermore, the pipes of each of these two radiating systems slope graduallyA and continuously downward from their inlet to their outlet ends so that proper drainage is obtained. f

In their preferred form, each of the auxiliary heaters E', F', E, and F", consists of two or more pipe 'loops 35 and'36, con-V nected into one of the radiating pipes, for example, 29, by means of suitablerv ittings?. These pipe loops may be provided with suitable radlating fins 38 so as `to increase-the radiating capacity of vthe auxiliary heaters.

By fitting thepipe with these 'fins, its radi.

ating surface is" so increased that it will radiate substantially four times as4 much heat as a similar sized pipe unprovided with the tins. Inlthis way the radiating capacity of the auxiliary heaters may be considerably increased so as to satisfactorily temper the i incoming cold air. It will be-noted that the radiators E and F serve the double function of supplying heating medium to the'auxiliary heaters within the inlet boxes n16, and also provide radiating pipes consisting of four adjacenty pipe sections extending throufrhout the length-of 4,the can.

"In ig. 9 is shown a nodiied Vform of auxiliary heater F, r'which might be substituted vfor any one of the heaters (for example sure steaml heating system is utilized to first temper the incoming air, and then supply additional heat to the air within'the car in the usual manner. Without unduly increasing the space required for the radiating Lpipes, the system is so divided that one-half the radiating surface can be thrown entirely out of service in mild weather, or when the desired temperature has been established Within the car, and the remaining half of the radiating surface is so distributed that all parts of the car are served in the same relative proportions as if the entire radiating system were operative.

In order to simplify the drawings, the various supporting means for the different radiating pipes have not been illustrated, but may be of usual form. In order to permit the necessary expansion and contraction of the pipes, the full length pipe sections 23 and 32 are provided with telescopic slip Vj oints.41 and 42, and if necessary the shorter pipes may -be provided with similar connections although the transverse lpi e connections at the ends and center of t e car will ordinarily provide for the necessary expansion and contraction.

1. In combination with a railwa car, a pair of air intakes, one adjacent eac .end of the car, means in each intake for preheating the air before it enters the car, means for heating theair in the carthroughout the `length of the car, and a series of' ventilators positioned at \spaced intervals throughout the length of the uppery portion of the car for exhaustingthe air from the car body, the ventilators situated adjacent the center oi the car being of greater capacity than the ventilators situated adjacent the ends of the car.

2. In combination with a railway car, a heating and -ventilating system comprising radiating coils within t e car and extending throughout the length of the car, air intake passages discharging into the lower portion -IOD - '45 a pluralit'yof ventilators positioned centrally of the car adjacent each end thereof, auxiling air, l

at spaced intervals in the upper portlon of iary coilsy in said passages and fed from the main heating coils for'preheating the mcomand a series of ventilators positioned the carfor yexhausting the air from the car body, the ventilators' situatedA adjacent the center of the car bein of greater capacity than the ventilators sltuated adjacent the ends of the car.

3. `In combination with a railway car," a heatino'v and Ventilating system comprising a pair ofa separate heating coils within the car and extending throughout the length of the charged carvalong one side thereof, a pair of heating boxes-within the car., one adjacent each end thereof, a pair of similar heatersvin each box, one heater of each pair being connected with 'and fed from each coil, an air intake at each end of the car leading into the adjacent heating bo ,the boxes being formed with outlets Lacasse,

. and means for exhaustin 'heaters with heating medium from the co1 throu hout the llength of the car along one side tereof, a 4pair of heating boxes within the car, one ad'acent each end thereof and each having a the car, anfauxliary heater in each box, connections for sup lying the auxiliary heaters with heating medium from the coil, a pair Aof air intakes one adjacent each end of the carv and leading to the adjacent heating box, air from the car adjacent the center thereo 7. In' combination w1 heating coil within the car and extendlng throufrhout the length of the car along one side thereof, a air of heatingboxes within the car, one a 'acent the lower portion of V'each en'd thereo an auxiliary heaterdin each box, connections for supplying the auxiliar1 aA pair of air intake conduits, one leadin from the outer air adjacent one upper en 'of the car' into the-heating box in the adjacent end ofthe car, andthe other leading from the outer air adacent the other upper end of the car into rt e heating box at that end of the car, each heatin box having an outlet for discharging the a1r heated therein into the adjacent end portion of the car, and

means for exhausting air from, the car adjacent the upper central prtio'n thereof. JWILLIA L. GARLAND.'

adjacent air intake with" the adjacent heating f box for delivering air to the ca'r through the heating box, a train steam pipe, a air of radiating coils one of which extends ength- 'wise of eachjsldeof the car, a 'cont-rol valve betweeneach coil and .the train pipe, an auxillary'heater in each heating box, and

connections yfor supplyin`g\heating medium from the coilat each side of the car to the l auxiliary the car.

heaters in the boxes atlthat side of 5. In combination with a railwaycar of the car in the upper ortion thereof, a heating box-adjacent eac lower cornerof the lcarhaving an outlet leading linto lthecar, an air intake leading into each upper corner of the car from the outer air, a. con- -duit at each'corner of the car connecting the l adjacent air intake with the adjacent heating.' box for'delivering air to the car through the heatin box, a train` steam pipe, a'pair of radiatin coils extendin lengt wise of each side of t e cai-, acontro valve between each coil and the train pipe, and a pair of rauxiliary heaters in each heating box, and conneetions for su plying heating medium to one of the .auxi iary heaters in" each box from each coil at that side ofthe car. b l

6. 'In combination with a railway car, a heating nd Ventilating system comprising a.

v heating coil within the car and extendlng ischarge` outlet leading .into

th a railway car, a heating and Ventilating system comprising a.

iso 

